Introductory Sanskrit
  • Course
    • Contents
    • Fonts
    • Syllabus
    • Subhāṣitāni
    • Flashcards
    • Audio
    • Quizzes
    • Exams
    • Contact
  • Tables
    • 11 -अ Pres. System
    • -V / Pron. Paradigms
    • External Sandhi
    • Internal Sandhi
  • Lessons 1-10
    • 1 Sound / Script >
      • Vowels & Semivowels
      • Sparśa & Spirants
      • Exercises
    • 1 Script >
      • Exercise 1
      • Exercise 2
      • Exercise 3
      • Exercise 4
      • Exercise 5
    • 2 The Sentence >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 2 Predication
      • 2 Conjugation
      • Exercises
    • 3 Cases 1-2, S >
      • Flashcards (V/S)
      • 3 Case
      • 3 Nom./Acc.
      • 3 Apposition
      • 3 Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 4 Gaṇas 4, 6, 10 >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • 4 4, 6, 10
      • Exercises
    • 5 Cases 3+ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 5 Cases 3-7, Voc.
      • Handouts
      • Exercises
    • 6 P Impf/v Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Present System
      • Imperfect
      • Optative
      • Imperative
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 7 123 Pron. >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 123 Pronouns
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 8 यत्, -आ/ई/ऊ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Relative Clauses
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 9 MF -इ/-उ, S >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 10 Ā. Pres., S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • Ātmanepada Present
      • Vowel Sandhi
      • Exercises
  • 11-20
    • 11 Ā Imf/v/Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Impf., Opt., Impv.
      • Exercises
    • 12 Gerund, Inf. >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • Gerund
      • Exercises
    • 13 -ऋ, Cons. S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • -ऋ Stems
      • Exercises
    • 14 N -इ / -उ / ऋ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • N -इ / -उ / ऋ
      • Exercises
    • 15 उपसर्गाः >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • उपसर्गाः
      • Exercises
    • 16 Passive >
      • 16 Overview (The Passive)
      • 16 English
      • 16 Sanskrit
      • 16 Exercises
    • 17 -स्य Future >
      • 17 Overview (General Future)
      • 17 -i / sandhi
      • 17 Exercises
    • 19 -C Nouns >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 19 Overview (Cons-final Stems)
      • 19 Exercises
    • 20 P. pres. ptc. >
      • 20 Video
      • 20 English
      • 20 Formation (P pres. ptc.)
      • 20 Usage
      • 20 Exercises
  • 21-34
    • 21 Ā. pres. ptc. >
      • 21 Supplement (Ā. pres. ptc.)
      • 21 Exercises
    • 22 Past ptc. >
      • 22 Usage
      • 22 Formation (past ptc.)
      • 22 Exercises
    • 23 P/-मत्/-अत् >
      • 23 Overview (इदम्/-मत्/-अत्)
      • 23 Exercises
    • 24 2 & 3-Stems >
      • 24 Overview (2 & 3-Stems)
      • 24 Exercises
    • 25-31 Ath. >
      • 25-26 Class 2 >
        • 25 Exercises
        • 26 Exercises
      • 27 Class 3 >
        • 27 Exercises
      • 28 Class 5 >
        • 28 Exercises
      • 30 Class 8 >
        • 30 Exercises
      • 29 Class 7 >
        • 29 Exercises
      • 31 Class 9 >
        • 31 Exercises
    • 32 Compounds >
      • 32 Compounds (Example)
      • 32 Compounds (Overview)
      • 32 Exercises
    • 33 Absolutes >
      • 33 Video (restricted)
      • 33 Exercises
    • 34 Numerals >
      • 34 Video (restricted)
      • 34 Exercises
  • 35-44
    • 35 Gv/-आन/PF >
      • 35 Video (restricted)
      • 35 Exercises
    • 36 Perfect >
      • 36 Video (restricted)
      • 36 Exercises
    • 37 Aorist >
      • 37 Exercises
    • 38 Cond. / Ben. >
      • 38 Exercises
    • 40 Desid. >
      • 40 Exercises
    • 42 Freq. >
      • 42 Exercises
    • 43 Denom. >
      • 43 Exercises
  • कथाः
    • १ - बुद्धकथा
    • २ - शकुन्तलाकथा
    • ४ - रामकथा
    • ५ - श्रावणकथा
    • १० - सुभाषितानि
  • Reading
    • Verse
    • Dictionaries
    • Grammars, Primers, etc.
    • Commentary
    • मेघदूतम्
    • Of Interest

Present System Paradigms

Use the audio files (individual forms can also be clicked for their pronunciation) to master the present system:

Thematic Paradigms (-a)

  • Present (-अ)
  • Imperfect (-अ)
  • Optative (-अ)
  • Imperative (-अ)
  • Handout
<
>

 

परस्मैपद (वद्)

 

आत्मनेपद (भाष्)

Sg.

Du.

Pl.

Sg.

Du.

Pl.

3rd

वदति

वदतः

वदन्ति

भाषते

भाषेते

भाषन्ते

2nd

वदसि

वदथः

वदथ

भाषसे

भाषेथे

भाषध्वे

1st

वदामि

वदावः

वदामः

भाषे

भाषावहे

भाषामहे

 

परस्मैपद (गम्)

 

आत्मनेपद (वृत्)

3rd

अगच्छत्

अगच्छताम्

अगच्छन्

अवर्तत

अवर्तेताम्

अवर्तन्त

2nd

अगच्छः

अगच्छतम्

अगच्छत

अवर्तथाः

अवर्तेथाम्

अवर्तध्वम्

1st

अगच्छम्

अगच्छाव

अगच्छाम

अवर्ते

अवर्तावहि

अवर्तामहि

 

परस्मैपद (नी)

 

आत्मनेपद (लभ्)

3rd

नयेत्

नयेताम्

नयेयुः

लभेत

लभेयाताम्

लभेरन्

2nd

नयेः

नयेतम्

नयेत

लभेथाः

लभेयाथाम्

लभेध्वम्

1st

नयेयम्

नयेव

नयेम

लभेय

लभेवहि

लभेमहि

 

परस्मैपद (भू)

 

आत्मनेपद (विजि)

3rd

भवतु

भवताम्

भवन्तु

विजयताम्

विजयेताम्

विजयन्ताम्

2nd

भव

भवतम्

भवत

विजयस्व

विजयेथाम्

विजयध्वम्

1st

भवानि

भवाव

भवाम

विजयै

विजयावहै

विजयामहै

 The following handout provides these paradigms and their endings in the first row (and first row of examples). You can disregard the second row for the moment.

Athematic Paradigms (no -a)

  • Present (-अ)
  • Imperfect (-अ)
  • Optative (-अ)
  • Imperative (-अ)
  • Handout
<
>

 

परस्मैपद (विद्)

 

आत्मनेपद (सू)

Sg.

Du.

Pl.

Sg.

Du.

Pl.

3rd

वेत्ति

वित्तः

विदन्ति

सूते

सुवाते

सुवते

2nd

वेत्सि

वित्थः

वित्थ

सूषे

सुवाथे

सूध्वे

1st

वेद्मि

विद्वः

विद्मः

सुवे

सूवहे

सूामहे

 

परस्मैपद (वी)

 

आत्मनेपद (ब्रू)

3rd

अवेत्

अवीताम्

अवियन्

अब्रूत

अब्रुवाताम्

अब्रुवत

2nd

अवेः

अवीतम्

अवीत

अब्रूथाः

अब्रुवाथाम्

अब्रूध्वम्

1st

अवयम्

अवीव

अवीम

अब्रुवि

अब्रूवहि

अब्रूमहि

 

परस्मैपद (अस्)

 

आत्मनेपद (चक्ष्)

3rd

स्यात्

स्याताम्

स्युः

चक्षीत

चक्षीयाताम्

चक्षीरन्

2nd

स्याः

स्यातम्

स्यात

चक्षीथाः

चक्षीयाथाम्

चक्षीध्वम्

1st

स्याम्

स्याव

स्याम

चक्षीय

चक्षीवहि

चक्षीमहि

 

परस्मैपद (इ)

 

आत्मनेपद (ऊर्णु)

3rd

एतु

इताम्

यन्तु

ऊर्णुताम्

ऊर्णुवाताम्

ऊर्णुवताम्

2nd

इहि

इतम्

इत

ऊर्णुष्व

ऊर्णुवाथाम्

ऊर्णुध्वम्

1st

अयानि

अयाव

अयाम

ऊर्णवै

ऊर्णवावहै

ऊर्णवामहै

 The following handout provides these paradigms and their endings in the first row (and first row of examples). You can disregard the second row for the moment.
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The header image for this site (a manuscript of Kālidāsa’s Raghuvaṃśa, 14.2-4) is provided by the University of Pennsylvania Libraries (Ms. Coll. 390, Item 1547) under a CC Attribution 4.0 license
  • Course
    • Contents
    • Fonts
    • Syllabus
    • Subhāṣitāni
    • Flashcards
    • Audio
    • Quizzes
    • Exams
    • Contact
  • Tables
    • 11 -अ Pres. System
    • -V / Pron. Paradigms
    • External Sandhi
    • Internal Sandhi
  • Lessons 1-10
    • 1 Sound / Script >
      • Vowels & Semivowels
      • Sparśa & Spirants
      • Exercises
    • 1 Script >
      • Exercise 1
      • Exercise 2
      • Exercise 3
      • Exercise 4
      • Exercise 5
    • 2 The Sentence >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 2 Predication
      • 2 Conjugation
      • Exercises
    • 3 Cases 1-2, S >
      • Flashcards (V/S)
      • 3 Case
      • 3 Nom./Acc.
      • 3 Apposition
      • 3 Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 4 Gaṇas 4, 6, 10 >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • 4 4, 6, 10
      • Exercises
    • 5 Cases 3+ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 5 Cases 3-7, Voc.
      • Handouts
      • Exercises
    • 6 P Impf/v Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Present System
      • Imperfect
      • Optative
      • Imperative
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 7 123 Pron. >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 123 Pronouns
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 8 यत्, -आ/ई/ऊ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Relative Clauses
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 9 MF -इ/-उ, S >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 10 Ā. Pres., S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • Ātmanepada Present
      • Vowel Sandhi
      • Exercises
  • 11-20
    • 11 Ā Imf/v/Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Impf., Opt., Impv.
      • Exercises
    • 12 Gerund, Inf. >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • Gerund
      • Exercises
    • 13 -ऋ, Cons. S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • -ऋ Stems
      • Exercises
    • 14 N -इ / -उ / ऋ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • N -इ / -उ / ऋ
      • Exercises
    • 15 उपसर्गाः >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • उपसर्गाः
      • Exercises
    • 16 Passive >
      • 16 Overview (The Passive)
      • 16 English
      • 16 Sanskrit
      • 16 Exercises
    • 17 -स्य Future >
      • 17 Overview (General Future)
      • 17 -i / sandhi
      • 17 Exercises
    • 19 -C Nouns >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 19 Overview (Cons-final Stems)
      • 19 Exercises
    • 20 P. pres. ptc. >
      • 20 Video
      • 20 English
      • 20 Formation (P pres. ptc.)
      • 20 Usage
      • 20 Exercises
  • 21-34
    • 21 Ā. pres. ptc. >
      • 21 Supplement (Ā. pres. ptc.)
      • 21 Exercises
    • 22 Past ptc. >
      • 22 Usage
      • 22 Formation (past ptc.)
      • 22 Exercises
    • 23 P/-मत्/-अत् >
      • 23 Overview (इदम्/-मत्/-अत्)
      • 23 Exercises
    • 24 2 & 3-Stems >
      • 24 Overview (2 & 3-Stems)
      • 24 Exercises
    • 25-31 Ath. >
      • 25-26 Class 2 >
        • 25 Exercises
        • 26 Exercises
      • 27 Class 3 >
        • 27 Exercises
      • 28 Class 5 >
        • 28 Exercises
      • 30 Class 8 >
        • 30 Exercises
      • 29 Class 7 >
        • 29 Exercises
      • 31 Class 9 >
        • 31 Exercises
    • 32 Compounds >
      • 32 Compounds (Example)
      • 32 Compounds (Overview)
      • 32 Exercises
    • 33 Absolutes >
      • 33 Video (restricted)
      • 33 Exercises
    • 34 Numerals >
      • 34 Video (restricted)
      • 34 Exercises
  • 35-44
    • 35 Gv/-आन/PF >
      • 35 Video (restricted)
      • 35 Exercises
    • 36 Perfect >
      • 36 Video (restricted)
      • 36 Exercises
    • 37 Aorist >
      • 37 Exercises
    • 38 Cond. / Ben. >
      • 38 Exercises
    • 40 Desid. >
      • 40 Exercises
    • 42 Freq. >
      • 42 Exercises
    • 43 Denom. >
      • 43 Exercises
  • कथाः
    • १ - बुद्धकथा
    • २ - शकुन्तलाकथा
    • ४ - रामकथा
    • ५ - श्रावणकथा
    • १० - सुभाषितानि
  • Reading
    • Verse
    • Dictionaries
    • Grammars, Primers, etc.
    • Commentary
    • मेघदूतम्
    • Of Interest