LESSON 29
7th Class: -न-/-न्- (भिद् भिनत्ति)
This Lesson introduces the 7th Class. Roots of the 7th Class take a nasal infix before their final consonant: न (na) in the strong and न् (n) in the weak. For example, for the root, युज्:
- strong: यु-न-ज् + मि, युनज्मि (yu-na-j + mi = yunajmi)
- weak: जु-न्-ज् + वः, युञ्ज्वः (yu-n-j + vaḥ = yuñjvaḥ)
Internal Sandhi
For the significant amount of internal sandhi exhibited by the 7th Class roots in this chapter, as well as their irregularities, see the handout below:
The 10 Verb Classes
Present System Verb Classes |
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Pres. Stem |
-अ (Thematic) |
Non-अ (Athematic) |
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Class |
1 |
10 |
4 |
6 |
2 |
3 |
5 |
8 |
7 |
9 |
Root |
→ guṇa |
→ heavy |
as is |
guṇated in strong |
as is (+ strong/weak affixes) |
|||||
Affix |
अ |
अय |
य |
अ |
- |
redup |
नो/नु |
ओ/उ |
न/न् |
ना/नी |
Place |
suffix |
- |
prefix |
suffix |
infix |
suffix |
||||
Ex. |
भू भवति |
चुर् चोरयति |
नृत् नृत्यति |
तुद् तुदति |
इ एति |
हु जुहोति |
सु सुनोति |
तन् तनोति |
रुध् रुणद्धि |
क्री क्रीणाति |
- 1 and 10: strengthened thematic classes
- 4 and 6: unstrengthened thematic classes
- 2 and 3: athematic, with guṇated strong stem
- 5 and 8: athematic, with guṇa in strong affix (नो/नु and ओ/उ)
- 7 and 9: athematic, with similar strong/weak affixes (न/न् and ना/नी)