Lesson 21

This lesson introduces Parasmaipada present and future participles.

• On the formation of these participles, see Macdonell §85, §156.
• Inevitably, the presentation here (especially concerning usage) has in some ways been influenced by the देववाणीप्रवेशिका, which may be profitably referred to as well (Lesson 15).

This lesson introduces Ātmanepada present participles, both active and passive.

• Deshpande has already said everything that needs to be said regarding their formation.
• Usage for active Parasmaipada participles has already been covered and it applies to active Ātmanepada participles as well. Passive present participles only differ in being declined to agree with their patients, rather than agents: मया तुद्यमानो नरो माम् अनिन्दत् । “The man being struck by me cursed me.”

For Macdonell’s brief overview of these participles, see §158 below. To find out why his example, भूयमान, would need a transitive-producing prefix—अनुभूयमान, अभिभूयमान, परिभूयमान, etc.—to be used in a sentence, see this Lesson’s Supplement.