Final Exams
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Fall
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Spring
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For the final exam you will be expected to:
- produce the nominal and pronominal paradigms covered up through Lesson 14 (including the paradigm of regular endings applied across paradigms. See handout).
- recite the verbal paradigms for the present system, each in under 9 seconds: P. pres. वद्, impf. गम्, impv. भू, opt. नी, Ā. pres. भाष्, impf. वृत्, impv. विजि, opt. लभ् . (The time limit is just to ensure that the paradigms are a part of your tongue’s muscle memory and not something you have to mentally reconstruct on the spot. The paradigms will flow off your tongue easily with enough repetition.)
- translate closely (to demonstrate your understanding of the grammar), but also into fluent English, selections from our Sanskrit-English exercises in Lessons 11, 13 and 14.
- analyze those Sanskrit passages in terms of both their grammar and sandhi. Note that sandhi rules should be stated in the general form provided in the handouts (and not ad hoc, to cover only the present instance). For example, for the sentence, तांस्ते ऽतुदन् । you would analyze the sandhi as follows: तान् ते अतुदन् | तांस्ते = n → ṁ + homorganic sibilant // -V stop of a sibilant row (ssr); ते ऽतुदन् = initial अ is absorbed by preceding ए or ओ . (If you can’t remember a term like “homorganic” on the spot, it’s fine to say something like “the sibilant of the following stop’s row,” etc.) On the grammatical side, अतुदन् would be identified as 3rd pl. act. impf. of the 6P root, तुद्.
- produce and translate our सुभाषित on true knowledge (पुस्तकस्था च या विद्या...)
For the final exam you will be expected to:
- produce the paradigms for तत् (all genders), the regular endings applied across paradigms (see handout), गतवत् and the perfect (P. बुध्, Ā. कृ — see Deshpande and Macdonell).
- produce the rules of formation and an example for each of the following:
- past passive and active participles
- thematic and athematic P. and Ā. present participles
- agent nouns, infinitives and -तव्य gerundives
- the present classes
- past passive and active participles
- recite the athematic verbal paradigms for the present system, each in under 9 seconds (though you should aim for 6 seconds): P. pres. विद्, impf. वी, impv. इ, opt. अस्, Ā. pres. सू, impf. ब्रू, impv. ऊर्णु, opt. चक्ष्. (The time limit is just to ensure that the paradigms are a part of your tongue’s muscle memory and not something you have to mentally reconstruct on the spot. The paradigms will flow off your tongue easily with enough repetition.)
- translate closely (to demonstrate your understanding of the grammar), but also into fluent English, selections from our Sanskrit-English exercises in Lessons 32, 33, 35 and 36.
- analyze those Sanskrit passages in terms of both their grammar and sandhi. Note that sandhi rules should be stated in the general form provided in the handouts (and not ad hoc, to cover only the present instance). For example, for the sentence, तांस्ते ऽतुदन् । you would analyze the sandhi as follows: तान् ते अतुदन् | तांस्ते = n → ṁ + homorganic sibilant // -V stop of a sibilant row (ssr); ते ऽतुदन् = initial अ is absorbed by preceding ए or ओ . (If you can’t remember a term like “homorganic” on the spot, it’s fine to say something like “the sibilant of the following stop’s row,” etc.) On the grammatical side, अतुदन् would be identified as 3rd pl. act. impf. of the 6P root, तुद्.
- similarly translate and analyze a short selection of verses from our महाभारत reading, including compounds. (See the google doc for translation and some analysis; in addition, you’ll want to make sure that you can identify the stem, gender, number and case for all nominal items.)
- produce the rules of internal sandhi for the retroflection of स् and न् (see bottom of p. 7 of the Sanskrit Notes handouts)
- extra credit: produce and translate our सुभाषित on learning (आचार्यात्पादमादत्ते...)