Introductory Sanskrit
  • Course
    • Contents
    • Fonts
    • Syllabus
    • Subhāṣitāni
    • Flashcards
    • Audio
    • Quizzes
    • Exams
    • Contact
  • Tables
    • 11 -अ Pres. System
    • -V / Pron. Paradigms
    • External Sandhi
    • Internal Sandhi
  • Lessons 1-10
    • 1 Sound / Script >
      • Vowels & Semivowels
      • Sparśa & Spirants
      • Exercises
    • 1 Script >
      • Exercise 1
      • Exercise 2
      • Exercise 3
      • Exercise 4
      • Exercise 5
    • 2 The Sentence >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 2 Predication
      • 2 Conjugation
      • Exercises
    • 3 Cases 1-2, S >
      • Flashcards (V/S)
      • 3 Case
      • 3 Nom./Acc.
      • 3 Apposition
      • 3 Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 4 Gaṇas 4, 6, 10 >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • 4 4, 6, 10
      • Exercises
    • 5 Cases 3+ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 5 Cases 3-7, Voc.
      • Handouts
      • Exercises
    • 6 P Impf/v Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Present System
      • Imperfect
      • Optative
      • Imperative
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 7 123 Pron. >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 123 Pronouns
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 8 यत्, -आ/ई/ऊ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Relative Clauses
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 9 MF -इ/-उ, S >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 10 Ā. Pres., S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • Ātmanepada Present
      • Vowel Sandhi
      • Exercises
  • 11-20
    • 11 Ā Imf/v/Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Impf., Opt., Impv.
      • Exercises
    • 12 Gerund, Inf. >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • Gerund
      • Exercises
    • 13 -ऋ, Cons. S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • -ऋ Stems
      • Exercises
    • 14 N -इ / -उ / ऋ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • N -इ / -उ / ऋ
      • Exercises
    • 15 उपसर्गाः >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • उपसर्गाः
      • Exercises
    • 16 Passive >
      • 16 Overview (The Passive)
      • 16 English
      • 16 Sanskrit
      • 16 Exercises
    • 17 -स्य Future >
      • 17 Overview (General Future)
      • 17 -i / sandhi
      • 17 Exercises
    • 19 -C Nouns >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 19 Overview (Cons-final Stems)
      • 19 Exercises
    • 20 P. pres. ptc. >
      • 20 Video
      • 20 English
      • 20 Formation (P pres. ptc.)
      • 20 Usage
      • 20 Exercises
  • 21-34
    • 21 Ā. pres. ptc. >
      • 21 Supplement (Ā. pres. ptc.)
      • 21 Exercises
    • 22 Past ptc. >
      • 22 Usage
      • 22 Formation (past ptc.)
      • 22 Exercises
    • 23 P/-मत्/-अत् >
      • 23 Overview (इदम्/-मत्/-अत्)
      • 23 Exercises
    • 24 2 & 3-Stems >
      • 24 Overview (2 & 3-Stems)
      • 24 Exercises
    • 25-31 Ath. >
      • 25-26 Class 2 >
        • 25 Exercises
        • 26 Exercises
      • 27 Class 3 >
        • 27 Exercises
      • 28 Class 5 >
        • 28 Exercises
      • 30 Class 8 >
        • 30 Exercises
      • 29 Class 7 >
        • 29 Exercises
      • 31 Class 9 >
        • 31 Exercises
    • 32 Compounds >
      • 32 Compounds (Example)
      • 32 Compounds (Overview)
      • 32 Exercises
    • 33 Absolutes >
      • 33 Video (restricted)
      • 33 Exercises
    • 34 Numerals >
      • 34 Video (restricted)
      • 34 Exercises
  • 35-44
    • 35 Gv/-आन/PF >
      • 35 Video (restricted)
      • 35 Exercises
    • 36 Perfect >
      • 36 Video (restricted)
      • 36 Exercises
    • 37 Aorist >
      • 37 Exercises
    • 38 Cond. / Ben. >
      • 38 Exercises
    • 40 Desid. >
      • 40 Exercises
    • 42 Freq. >
      • 42 Exercises
    • 43 Denom. >
      • 43 Exercises
  • कथाः
    • १ - बुद्धकथा
    • २ - शकुन्तलाकथा
    • ४ - रामकथा
    • ५ - श्रावणकथा
    • १० - सुभाषितानि
  • Reading
    • Verse
    • Dictionaries
    • Grammars, Primers, etc.
    • Commentary
    • मेघदूतम्
    • Of Interest
This site is organized according to the lessons in Madhav Deshpande’s संस्कृतसुबोधिनी Saṁskṛtasubodhinī: A Sanskrit Primer. Anyone who plans on making serious use of this site should purchase a copy of that textbook. For the sake of reference, the subjects of the Lessons (in the dropdown menu above) are as follows:
  • Nouns
  • Pronouns
  • Adjectives
  • Sandhi
  • Other
<
>
Lesson
Subject
Page
2
Personal Pronouns: Nominative
30
3
Masculine and Neuter Nouns in अ
35
 
Personal Pronouns: Accusative
37
5
Explanation of Cases
53
7
Declensions of Personal Pronouns
67
8
Feminine Nouns in आ, ई, ऊ
73
 
Pronouns: किम्, यद्, एतद्
74
9
Masculine Nouns in इ and उ
79
 
Feminine Nouns in इ and उ
80
13
Masculine and Feminine Nouns in ऋ
107
14
Neuter Nouns in इ, उ, ऋ
113
 
Adjectives
114
18
Irregular and Rare Nouns ending in vowels
145
19
Nouns Ending in Consonants: One-stem type
155
23
Demonstrative Pronouns इदम् and अदस्
185
 
Nouns with Two Stems
186
24
More Nouns with Two Stems, Nouns with Three Stems
191
 
Degrees of Comparison
196
32
Compounds (समास)
261
34
Sanskrit Numerals
285
44
Irregular consonant-ending nouns
385
Lesson
Subject
Page
1
Verbs: First Conjugation, active (परस्मैपदिन्) present tense
29
4
Verbs: Fourth, Sixth, Tenth Conjugations, active (परस्मैपदिन्)
45
6
Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Verbs: Past Imperfect, Imperative, Potential
61
10
Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs: Present Tense
87
11
Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs: Past Imperfect, Imperative, Potential
93
12
Gerunds and Infinitives
99
15
Verbs with Prepositions (उपसर्गs)
121
16
The Passive Voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग)
129
17
Future Tense (स्य type)
139
20
Present Active Participles for Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Verbs
165
 
Future Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Participles
168
21
Present Active Participles for Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs
171
Lesson
Subject
Page
Lesson
Subject
Page
Lesson
Subject
Page
  • Nominal
  • Verbal
  • Indeclinable
  • Sandhi
  • Other
<
>
Lesson
Subject
Page
2
Personal Pronouns: Nominative
30
3
Masculine and Neuter Nouns in अ
35
 
Personal Pronouns: Accusative
37
5
Explanation of Cases
53
7
Declensions of Personal Pronouns
67
8
Feminine Nouns in आ, ई, ऊ
73
 
Pronouns: किम्, यद्, एतद्
74
9
Masculine Nouns in इ and उ
79
 
Feminine Nouns in इ and उ
80
13
Masculine and Feminine Nouns in ऋ
107
14
Neuter Nouns in इ, उ, ऋ
113
 
Adjectives
114
18
Irregular and Rare Nouns ending in vowels
145
19
Nouns Ending in Consonants: One-stem type
155
23
Demonstrative Pronouns इदम् and अदस्
185
 
Nouns with Two Stems
186
24
More Nouns with Two Stems, Nouns with Three Stems
191
 
Degrees of Comparison
196
32
Compounds (समास)
261
34
Sanskrit Numerals
285
44
Irregular consonant-ending nouns
385
Lesson
Subject
Page
1
Verbs: First Conjugation, active (परस्मैपदिन्) present tense
29
4
Verbs: Fourth, Sixth, Tenth Conjugations, active (परस्मैपदिन्)
45
6
Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Verbs: Past Imperfect, Imperative, Potential
61
10
Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs: Present Tense
87
11
Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs: Past Imperfect, Imperative, Potential
93
12
Gerunds and Infinitives
99
15
Verbs with Prepositions (उपसर्गs)
121
16
The Passive Voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग)
129
17
Future Tense (स्य type)
139
20
Present Active Participles for Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Verbs
165
 
Future Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Participles
168
21
Present Active Participles for Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs
171
Lesson
Subject
Page
Lesson
Subject
Page
Lesson
Subject
Page
Lesson
Subject
Page
1
The Sanskrit Alphabet
1
2
Verbs: First Conjugation, active (परस्मैपदिन्) present tense
29
 
Personal Pronouns: Nominative
30
3
Masculine and Neuter Nouns in अ
35
 
Prepositions
37
 
Personal Pronouns: Accusative
37
 
Sandhi: anusvāra, visarga
38
4
Verbs: Fourth, Sixth, Tenth Conjugations, active (परस्मैपदिन्)
45
 
Negation and Some Connectives: न, च, वा, एव
47
 
Sandhi: न् → ण्
48
5
Explanation of Cases
53
6
Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Verbs: Past Imperfect, Imperative, Potential
61
7
Declensions of Personal Pronouns
67
 
Use of Indeclinables
68
8
Feminine Nouns in आ, ई, ऊ
73
 
Pronouns: किम्, यद्, एतद्
74
9
Masculine Nouns in इ and उ
79
 
Feminine Nouns in इ and उ
80
 
Sandhi: visarga, vowels
81
10
Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs: Present Tense
87
 
Sandhi: vowels
88
11
Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs: Past Imperfect, Imperative, Potential
93
 
Affixes: चित्, चन
94
12
Gerunds and Infinitives
99
13
Masculine and Feminine Nouns in ऋ
107
 
Sandhi: consonants
108
14
Neuter Nouns in इ, उ, ऋ
113
 
Adjectives
114
15
Verbs with Prepositions (उपसर्गs)
121
16
The Passive Voice (कर्मणि प्रयोग)
129
17
Future Tense (स्य type)
139
18
Irregular and Rare Nouns ending in vowels
145
19
Nouns Ending in Consonants: One-stem type
155
20
Present Active Participles for Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Verbs
165
 
Future Active (परस्मैपदिन्) Participles
168
21
Present Active Participles for Middle (आत्मनेपदिन्) Verbs
171
 
Present Passive (कर्मणि) Participles
172
22
Past (Imperfect) Participles (in -त and -तवत्)
175
23
Demonstrative Pronouns इदम् and अदस्
185
 
Nouns with Two Stems
186
24
More Nouns with Two Stems, Nouns with Three Stems
191
 
Degrees of Comparison
196
25
Second conjugation
203
26
Second Conjugation (continued)
213
27
Third Conjugation
223
28
Fifth Conjugation
231
29
Seventh Conjugation
237
30
Eighth Conjugation
245
31
Ninth Conjugation
251
32
Compounds (समास)
261
33
Locative and Genitive Absolutes
279
34
Sanskrit Numerals
285
35
Gerundives, Present Middle participles in आन, Periphrastic (-तास्) Future
293
36
Past Perfect
303
37
Past Aorist
313
38
Conditional Mood
327
 
Benedictive Mood
328
39
Secondary Verb Roots
339
 
Causative Verbs
339
40
Desiderative Verbs
353
41
Syntax of Ditransitive (द्विकर्मक) Verbs
363
42
Intensive / Frequentative Verbs
371
43
Denominative Verbs
377
44
Gerunds in -अम्
383
 
Irregular consonant-ending nouns
385

How to Use This Site

Students in our course will have a fairly regular workflow:
  • Read through the lesson plan for a given lesson, using the links to the left (e.g., “Lesson 16”). The lesson plan includes learning objectives, course assignments and the course calendar.
  • Read through the lesson and its vocabulary in Deshpande.
  • Work through the lesson overview (e.g., “16 Overview” via the lesson’s pop-up menu) and the accompanying videos, which provide a little more detail about the lesson’s grammar, etc.
  • Listen to Professor Deshpande’s reading of the Sanskrit exercises or story, work through the lesson’s assignment and upload the assigned work (all on the “Exercises” page via the lesson’s pop-up menu).
Home

The header image for this site (a manuscript of Kālidāsa’s Raghuvaṃśa, 14.2-4) is provided by the University of Pennsylvania Libraries (Ms. Coll. 390, Item 1547) under a CC Attribution 4.0 license
  • Course
    • Contents
    • Fonts
    • Syllabus
    • Subhāṣitāni
    • Flashcards
    • Audio
    • Quizzes
    • Exams
    • Contact
  • Tables
    • 11 -अ Pres. System
    • -V / Pron. Paradigms
    • External Sandhi
    • Internal Sandhi
  • Lessons 1-10
    • 1 Sound / Script >
      • Vowels & Semivowels
      • Sparśa & Spirants
      • Exercises
    • 1 Script >
      • Exercise 1
      • Exercise 2
      • Exercise 3
      • Exercise 4
      • Exercise 5
    • 2 The Sentence >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 2 Predication
      • 2 Conjugation
      • Exercises
    • 3 Cases 1-2, S >
      • Flashcards (V/S)
      • 3 Case
      • 3 Nom./Acc.
      • 3 Apposition
      • 3 Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 4 Gaṇas 4, 6, 10 >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • 4 4, 6, 10
      • Exercises
    • 5 Cases 3+ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 5 Cases 3-7, Voc.
      • Handouts
      • Exercises
    • 6 P Impf/v Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Present System
      • Imperfect
      • Optative
      • Imperative
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 7 123 Pron. >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 123 Pronouns
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 8 यत्, -आ/ई/ऊ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Relative Clauses
      • Handout
      • Exercises
    • 9 MF -इ/-उ, S >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Sandhi
      • Exercises
    • 10 Ā. Pres., S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • Ātmanepada Present
      • Vowel Sandhi
      • Exercises
  • 11-20
    • 11 Ā Imf/v/Opt >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • Impf., Opt., Impv.
      • Exercises
    • 12 Gerund, Inf. >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • Gerund
      • Exercises
    • 13 -ऋ, Cons. S >
      • Flashcards (V/P/S)
      • -ऋ Stems
      • Exercises
    • 14 N -इ / -उ / ऋ >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • N -इ / -उ / ऋ
      • Exercises
    • 15 उपसर्गाः >
      • Flashcards (V)
      • उपसर्गाः
      • Exercises
    • 16 Passive >
      • 16 Overview (The Passive)
      • 16 English
      • 16 Sanskrit
      • 16 Exercises
    • 17 -स्य Future >
      • 17 Overview (General Future)
      • 17 -i / sandhi
      • 17 Exercises
    • 19 -C Nouns >
      • Flashcards (V/P)
      • 19 Overview (Cons-final Stems)
      • 19 Exercises
    • 20 P. pres. ptc. >
      • 20 Video
      • 20 English
      • 20 Formation (P pres. ptc.)
      • 20 Usage
      • 20 Exercises
  • 21-34
    • 21 Ā. pres. ptc. >
      • 21 Supplement (Ā. pres. ptc.)
      • 21 Exercises
    • 22 Past ptc. >
      • 22 Usage
      • 22 Formation (past ptc.)
      • 22 Exercises
    • 23 P/-मत्/-अत् >
      • 23 Overview (इदम्/-मत्/-अत्)
      • 23 Exercises
    • 24 2 & 3-Stems >
      • 24 Overview (2 & 3-Stems)
      • 24 Exercises
    • 25-31 Ath. >
      • 25-26 Class 2 >
        • 25 Exercises
        • 26 Exercises
      • 27 Class 3 >
        • 27 Exercises
      • 28 Class 5 >
        • 28 Exercises
      • 30 Class 8 >
        • 30 Exercises
      • 29 Class 7 >
        • 29 Exercises
      • 31 Class 9 >
        • 31 Exercises
    • 32 Compounds >
      • 32 Compounds (Example)
      • 32 Compounds (Overview)
      • 32 Exercises
    • 33 Absolutes >
      • 33 Video (restricted)
      • 33 Exercises
    • 34 Numerals >
      • 34 Video (restricted)
      • 34 Exercises
  • 35-44
    • 35 Gv/-आन/PF >
      • 35 Video (restricted)
      • 35 Exercises
    • 36 Perfect >
      • 36 Video (restricted)
      • 36 Exercises
    • 37 Aorist >
      • 37 Exercises
    • 38 Cond. / Ben. >
      • 38 Exercises
    • 40 Desid. >
      • 40 Exercises
    • 42 Freq. >
      • 42 Exercises
    • 43 Denom. >
      • 43 Exercises
  • कथाः
    • १ - बुद्धकथा
    • २ - शकुन्तलाकथा
    • ४ - रामकथा
    • ५ - श्रावणकथा
    • १० - सुभाषितानि
  • Reading
    • Verse
    • Dictionaries
    • Grammars, Primers, etc.
    • Commentary
    • मेघदूतम्
    • Of Interest